Answer the following questions :
(a) What is the theory of Sigmund Freud about dream?
(b) How much has science been successful in explaining dreams?
(c). What are the benefits of dream?
(d) What does the expression "disguised fulfilments of repressed wishes" mean?
(e) Define dream in your own languagE-
a. Sigmund Freud's theory says that dreams reflect our hidden desires, thoughts and motivations, including suppressed aggressive and physical instincts. These desires and wishes coming from the subconscious mind can affect our conscious awareness when we dream.
b. Science has yet to reach a consensus on the purpose of dreams, despite extensive research. Science is yet to unveil the real purpose and function of both sleep and dream. While some believe dreams serve no real purpose, others argue that they are conducive to mental, emotional and physical development.
C. Some researchers say dreams are just random brain activity during sleep, without any important purposE- However, some believe that dreaming is essential for our health, benefiting our mental growth, emotional development and physical fitness.
d. The expression 'disguised fulfillments of repressed wishes' refers to suppressed physical desires and drives dominating individuals, which are unconsciously expressed. These instincts find their way into our conscious awarness while dreaming.
E- Dream is the reflection of subconcious images, thoughts and feelings we experience while sleeping. Dreams can be graphic, impressive or shodowy, imprecisE- They can be enjoyable or scary, focused and perceivable or obscure and perplexing.
- 'Livelihood' could be best replaced by-
- Why did Ayub Khan declared Martial Law?
- The synonym of 'isolation' is-
- . How long was Mandela imprisoned for? It was for
- 'Survive' in the first paragraph could be best replaced by-
- The word 'heritage' mentioned in the passage means --
- What should be the antonym of ‘certainly’?
- Failure to maintain social values gives rise to---
- The wild animals also need
- Why is Kuakata a much sought after tourist destination?
- Read the passage and answer the questions A and B.JOHANNESBURG (R) Nelson Mandela guided South Africa from the shackles of apartheid to a multi-racial democracy, as an icon of peace and reconciliation who came to embody the struggle for justice around the world. Imprisoned for nearly three decades for his fight against white minority rule, Mandela never lost hisresolve to fight for his people's emancipation. He was determined to bring down apartheid while avoiding a civil war. His prestige and charisma helped him win the support of the world. "I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I will fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days," Mandela said in his acceptance speech onbecoming South Africa's first black president in 1994,... "The time for the healing of the wounds has comE- The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us hascomE-" "We have, at last, achieved our political emancipation." In 1993, Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, an honor he shared with F.W. de Klerk, the white South African leader who had freed him from prison three years earlier and negotiated the end of apartheid. Mandela went on to play a prominent role on the world stage as an advocate of human dignity in the face of challenges ranging from political repression to AIDS. He formally left public life in June 2004 before his 86th birthday, telling his adoring countrymen : "Don't call mE- I'll call you." But he remained one of the world's most revered public figures, combining celebrity sparkle with an unwavering message of freedom, respect and human rights. "He is at the epicenter of our time, ours in South Africa, and yours, wherever you are," Nadine Gordimer, the South African writer and Nobel Laureate for Literature, once remarked. Whether defending himself at his own treason trail in 1963 or addressing world leaders years later as a graying elder statesman he radiated an image of moral rectitude expressed in measured tones often leavened by a mischievous humor. The years Mandela spent behind bars made him the world's most celebrated political prisoner and a leader of mythic stature for millions of black South Africans and other oppressed people far beyond his country's borders. Charged with capital offences in the 1963 Rivonia Trial, his statement from the dock was his political testimony. "During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African peoplE- I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. "I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities," he told the court. "It is an ideal I hope to live for and to achievE- But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to diE-" Friends adored Mandela and fondly called him "Madiba", the clan name by which he was known. People lauded his humanity, kindness and dignity.
- The synonym of 'legal' is-
- Due to our developed, reasonable power and ability to solve problems of life, we
- How are the rivers related to 'literature'? They are related to 'literature' as they ---
- Answer the following questions :Why are adolescent girls pulled out of school?What happens to a girl when she loses mobility?Who are more vulnerable to adolescent health problems- boys or girls? Why?What major problems do boys face during adolescence?
- The phrase 'on.the instant' in the thirteenth line means,,,
- What does the word ‘repressed’ mean?
- The best synonym of "beholder" is-
- Read the passage and answer the questions A and B. Dreams have fascinated philosophers for thousands of years, but only recently have dreams been subjected to empirical research and scientific study. Chances are that you've often found yourself puzzling over the content of a dream, or perhaps you've wondered why you dream at all.First, let's start by answering a basic question: What is a dream? A dream can include any of the images, thoughts and emotions that are experienced during sleep. Dreams can be extraordinarily vivid or very vague; filled with joyful emotions or frightening images; focused and understandable or unclear and confusing..Why do we dream? What purpose do dreams serve? While many theories have been proposed about the reason and function of dreams, no consensus has emerged. Considering the time we spend in a dreaming state, the fact that researchers do not yet understand the purpose of dreams may seem baffling. However, it is important to consider that science is still unraveling the exact purpose and function of sleep itself. elf. Some researchers suggest that dreams serve no real purpose, while others believe that dreaming is essential to mental, emotional and physical well-being.'Next, let's learn more about some of the most prominent dream thegries.Consistent with the psychoanalytic perspective, Sigmund Freud's theory of dreams suggests that dreams are a representation of subconscious desires, thoughts and motivations. According to Freud, people are driven by aggressive and sexual instincts that are repressed from conscious, awareness. While these thoughts are not consciously expressed, they find their way into our awareness via dreams. In his famous book The Interpretation of Dreams (1899), Freud wrote that dreams are "--- disguised fulfillments of repressed.wishes.". Freud's theory contributed to the popularity of dream interpretation. Following his paths, many theorists came up with their own ideas about dreams.
- A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives :The word "appreciate" means-
- A. Choose the correct answer from the alternatives :The word 'possibly' refers to -
- The wild animals also need-
- What does the word ‘majority’ in the passage refer to?
- Read the passage and answer the questions A and B.... (T)he Negro is still not freE-.. the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination..... (T)he Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity..... (T)he Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatise a shameful condition....... I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal."I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justicE- I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of 'interposition' and 'nullification', that one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, "and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together". This is our hopE- This is the faith that I will go back to the South with. With this faith, we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hopE- With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.........And if America is to be a great nation, this must become truE- So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New HampshirE- Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania. Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"
- The word "sophisticated" refers to-